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Art Trends in America - A view by Robert Hughes
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 In his recent book American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America, the Australian-born art critic Robert Hughes identifies one of the core American experiences as "starting over, leaving behind what you once were." For Hughes this does not mean wiping the slate clean but rather a complex interaction with previous tradition. "Somewhere inside the American museum," Hughes writes, with a touch of humor, "there is always a small buried image of the immigrant getting off the boat with his luggage: boots, a Bible -- or 27 Rembrandts." |
This kind of starting over is what artists do every day in making art. Starting from the ground up is also what we editors had in mind when we asked some of America's leading experts in various art forms to tell us about the state of their fields. What's new, for example, in dance or the visual arts? Who are the most notable artists working in theater and music? How do current trends in movies and literature fit in with historical traditions?
Because any generalizations about the arts must be suspect in a country housing some 1,200 symphony orchestras, 117 professional opera companies, more than 400 dance companies, and 425 nonprofit professional theaters, each expert's answer to these questions will necessarily be a partial answer. That's why we have included a range of views -- critics, working professionals in each field, portraits of the artists themselves. And,
naturally, our experts sometimes disagree with one another. A diversity
of opinions seems only fitting in a country where there is no ministry
of culture, no official view of the best forms of art.
Yet this journal also reveals certain common themes. One is the increasing
internationalization of art -- the way contemporary American art forms
are constantly enriched by the movement of artists and ideas across borders
and vice versa. Another is what one critic calls "hybridity" -- borders
between art forms are breaking down as many artists work in cross-disciplinary
ways. The dances of Mark Morris or Bill T. Jones sometimes incorporate
spoken words; the visual artist Matthew Barney makes epic films that have
the look of Hollywood movies. Another vital trend in the way new work
gets created these days is the intricate cross-pollenization between the
traditional centers of creativity on America's coasts and the country's
less populated regions. In his overview essay, critic Terry Teachout makes
the point that some of New York City Opera's most exciting new work originates
at Glimmerglass Opera, a small company in a small town in upstate New
York.
What is at the root of all the ongoing creative ferment that this journal
documents? In our opening interview, Dana Gioia, the poet who is chairman
of the National Endowment for the Arts, identifies one likely source:
"The reason that America has had this diversely distinguished history
of art, this unprecedented breadth of achievement -- ranging from movies
to abstract expressionism to jazz to modern literature -- is because America
was and is a society that recognizes the individual freedom of its citizens."
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